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ScienceDaily (25 October 2010) – quantum systems often different behavior from what we would intuitively expect and our daily experience. An example is provided by the so-called Landau-Zener problem. It describes such as the tunneling of a quantum particle between two possible fountains with an initial difference in potential energy that gradually reversed in time. The Russian physicist Lev Landau and the American physicist Clarence Zener 1932 addressed this problem in a broader context. They found that the quantum particles from a fountain would be transported to the other, provided that the reversal in potential energy slowly enough.

This applies regardless of whether the particles in the well started the higher or lower in potential energy. In this respect it differs much of expectation for a classic liquid which finally will find well bottom always his way into the energy.MPQ University scientists to Prof. Immanuel Bloch in cooperation with theorists from the Weizmann Institute of science in Rehovot, Israel have a Landau-Zener scenario in a system of one-dimensional quantum gases in two coupled potential tubes experimentally untersucht.Sie found, ultimately changing the collective tunnels of many particles drastically from the single particles takes case to a breakdown of the transfer on the opposite side.

Scientists cooling in your experiments a little cloud “Bose” rubidium atoms, only a few Nano Kelvin on the absolute zero-the about minus 273 degrees Celsius. At such low temperatures, collect all the atoms in a single quantum state, form a new State of matter known as the Bose-Einstein condensate.This quantum ultracold gas geladen.Diese is then in a so-called two-dimensional “optical gratings.” optical grid is created by the interference of two orthogonal pairs of counter-propagating laser beams which results in two three-dimensional patterns of bright “lines light.” The interaction between light and atoms forces in a matching regular pattern of thousands of elongated quantum gases to organize each consisting of up to 110 atoms.

Now, add the scientists another pair of laser beams an optical grid with only half of the time together form one of the initial activities counter propagating.This leads to a breakdown of each possible tubes trapping the orthogonal rectangular quantum gases in zwei.Die full control over the relative phase between this additional optical grid and the first one the other higher in potential energy allows scientists of only one potential tubes each pair by override during the Division populate. in addition, are able to change the difference between the tubes each pair by checking the relative phase into potential energy in real time. Therefore quickly reverse an any initial difference in potential energy set and then gradually the potential energy difference as in the original Landau-Zener problem.

Physicists are interested in how the one-dimensional geometry and the n-body nature of gas, quantum would alter the results for a single quantum particles.

Showed some significant deviations from the single particle physics low. for slow enough changes of the potential power in the conceptually simple case where all the atoms in the potential also begin in energy or “sweeps” – landed all particles in opposite tubes as it would be the case for a single quantum particle. The speed of the train could be faster, the one-dimensional quantum gases. Here, the repulsive interaction forces the atoms to line up for the transmission and to move the opposite potential tube a-by-one instead of all at once. Because each of these single particle transfers can be done faster in the n-body system, the rate change the potential energy can be higher. The total time required for a successful sweep but is same as in the case of a single particle about, to move because all particles and the advantage of faster transfer of a single particle is lost.

The difference is even more apparent when start all particles in the potential tube initially in potential energy is higher. Here, the scientists found that not all particles no matter, how slow the scanning is performed, would reach the opposite pipe. Actually slower and slower Landau-Zener sweeps transfer efficiency was shrinking. This result is similar to strong expectation for a classic liquid, always in the lower tube-here that would flow the atoms from started.The classic case is the potential energy into kinetic energy. Finally passed this kinetic energy to the environment as the liquid comes to a halt.

Such an exchange of energy with the environment is not possible within a closed quantum system: the excess energy can not leave, the system and the relaxation of quantum gas into the lower energy pipe is blocked.A one-dimensional system however has low energy suggestions often referred to as “Phonon” due to the similarity with the lattice vibrations in solids.These Phonon suggestions provide a “home environment” can store the excess energy in any part.As a result, the quantum gas towards the potential tube is relax lower in energy while Aufheizen.Dieser relaxation mechanism is strongest for small differences in the potential energy of the two tubes. the slower the Landau-Zener sweep is performed, the longer it will be located in this region and relaxation are more effective.

Described here provides an experimental study of Landau-Zener problem a one-dimensional n body Setup generalized for the first time.The dynamics of such a system has a number of open questions.Especially understanding remains whether and how low-dimensional quantum gases far from equilibrium relax and finally thermalize in closed quantum systems an unsolved problem.In addition, keep such generalized Landau-Zener experiments prospect detection of n-body quantum phase transitions where the excitation spectra of quantum gases drastically as described here be scanned.the measurements allow a deep analysis of non-equilibrium phenomena in coupled one-dimensional systems and opens the way for the detailed study of your intrinsic sound wave like suggestions.

Story source:

The above story is made of materials the of Max Planck Institute for quantum optics reprinted provided (with editorial adjustments by ScienceDaily staff).

Journal reference:

Chen Yu AO, Sebastian D. Huber, Stefan Trotsky, Immanuel Bloch, Ehud Altman.N body Landau-Zener dynamics in coupled one-dimensional Bose liquids.Natur physics, 2010; DOI: NPHYS1801 ONLINE output

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Science Info Breakdown, correlated, tunneling

ScienceDaily (Oct. 14, 2010) – no matter how you cut watermelon has a lot going for it-sweet, low-calorie, high fibre, nutrient realm – and now, it is more. A pilot study under the direction of food scientists at Florida State University suggest that watermelon can be an effective natural weapon against Prehypertension, a precursor of heart cardiovascular disease.

It is the first study of its kind in the Menschen.FSU Assistant Professor Arturo Figueroa and Professor Bahram H. Arjmandi found that when six grams of the amino acid L Citrulline/L-arginine Melone extract daily for six weeks was administered there improved arterial function and accordingly nine of prehypertensive themes (four men and five women after menopause, age 51 57) lowered aortic blood pressure in all.

“” We are the first improved aortic hemodynamics in Prehypertensive but otherwise healthy middle aged men and women, to document the therapeutic doses of watermelon”Figueroa said.”These results indicate that these “functional food’ has vasodilatory effect, and one that the Prehypertension might prevent progress to full-blown hypertension, a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes.”

“Given that encouraging evidence that generated by this preliminary study, we hope, continue to research and include a much larger group of participants in the next round,” he said.

Why watermelon?

“Watermelon is the richest edible natural source of L Citrulline, which closely with L-arginine, the amino acid that is connected to the formation of nitric oxide essential for the regulation of vascular tone and healthy blood pressure, necessary” Figueroa said.

Once converted in the body, the L Citrulline in L-arginine.L just spend-arginine as a dietary supplement is not an option for many hypertensive adults, said Figueroa because it can cause nausea, diarrhea, stomach complaints.

In contrast to watermelon is good verträglich.Teilnehmer in the Florida State pilot study no Nebenwirkungen.Und reported in addition to the vascular benefits of Citrulline watermelon offers abundant vitamin A, B6, C, fiber, potassium and lycopene, a powerful antioxidant. Watermelon can help even serum glucose levels, reduce according to Arjmandi.

“Heart cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States”, said Arjmandi.”In General Americans more worried about your blood cholesterol levels and dietary cholesterol have been feed, rather than their total heart cardiovascular health risk factors for CVD such as obesity and vascular dysfunction characterized by arterial stiffness and Dicke–problems that functional foods such as watermelon can help to mitigate.”

“Functional foods,” said Arjmandi, “we mean these foods that shown scientific and health promotion or disease prevention properties over the other intrinsically healthy nutrients also deliver.”

Figueroa said oral L Citrulline supplement could allow a reduced dose of antihypertensive drugs for the control of blood pressure.

“Even better, it may prevent the progress of Prehypertension to high blood pressure in the first place,” he said.

During water melon or watermelon extract the best natural source of L Citrulline, it is also in the synthetic form in the form of pills, which Figueroa in an earlier study of the younger male uses themes.The investigation showed that four weeks of L Citrulline slows or an important finding, weakened the increased aorta was blood pressure in response to cold Exposition.Es said Figueroa, because there is a greater occurrence of myocardial infarction associated with high blood pressure during the cold winter months.

“” Individuals with elevated blood pressure and arterial Steifigkeit–especially those who are older and people with chronic diseases such as such as type 2 diabetes-would benefit from L Citrulline in either of the synthetic or natural (watermelon) form “Figueroa said.”"The optimal dose appears to be four to six grams per day.”

About 60 percent of adults in the United States are Prehypertensive or hypertensive.Prehypertension is on blood pressure “Systolic” applies, if the heart is contracting characterized 120-139 mm mercury readings by systolic blood pressure (mmHg) of 80-89 mm Hg diastolic pressure..”Diastolic” mirrors the blood pressure when the heart is in a period of relaxation and expansion.

Findings from Figueroa’s latest pilot study at Florida State are in the American Journal of hypertension beschrieben.Eine copy of the paper (”effects of watermelon supplement on aortic blood pressure and wave reflection in persons with Prehypertension: A pilot study”) can be accessed online.

The paper lead author holds Figueroa, medicine, 2004 he is a member of the Faculty in the Florida State University Department of nutrition, food and Übung.Figueroa’s serves co-author and colleagues Arjmandi as Chairman of the Department, a PhD in physiological Sciences and a master’s degree in the Sportmedizin.seit part of Florida State’s interdisciplinary College of human sciences ist.Arjmandi is also the author or coauthor of an extensive body of published research on the health benefits of plums and other functional foods.

Co-author of the paper Figueroa Arjmandi American Journal of hypertension are Marcos A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, Florida State doctoral student in exercise physiology and Penelope Perkins Veazie horticulture Professor at North Carolina State University.

Editor’s note: This article is not intended, medical advice, provide diagnosis or treatment.

Story source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adjustments by ScienceDaily personnel) of materials provided by Florida State University, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Journal reference:

Arturo Figueroa, Marcos A. Sánchez González, Penelope M. Perkins Veazie, Bahram H. Arjmandi.Impact the watermelon supplement on aortic blood pressure and wave reflection in people with Prehypertension: a pilot study.American Journal of hypertension, 2010; DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.142

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Science Info blood, finds, lowers, pressure, study, Watermelon

If you’d ask you what to buy Gadget Lab editor Dylan Tweney for Christmas, it is your answer. Send a Mechanicard, an unacceptable greeting card which is also a kinetic sculpture by hand. Dylan is a handyman and a sucker for stationery, expenses so that it you love. Just don’t expect it’s a surprise – I am sure that he reads this blog.

There are five different Mechanicards radial engine in the image above, by Strum-U-lator (pieces of music!), the surprise of the Dragonfly (it is a Dragonfly.)(Surprise!)and the wonderful Ambigulator, “with an optical effect with the crank mechanism that raises more questions as it answers.

The kits are operated with a handful of small and supplied and can be had entirely manufactured or kit.Kits of start at $45 assembled ($35 for the DIY option) and price amounted to $75 for models more complexes.Si you feeling stressed today, and then enter a cup (or glass) your favourite beverage and watch all action.Il Mechanicards video is very relaxing and hypnotic.

Mechanicards objects ineligible sculptures [Mechanicards]

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Gadged Ineligible, mechanical, movable, sculptures

ScienceDaily (28 October 2010) – NASA’s Chandra x-ray Observatory has observed an unusual galaxies surrounding a bright core of relatively cool gas a quasar called contains 3 c 186. This is still observed that the most distant object and may insight into the triggering of quasars and the growth of clusters.

This composite image of the surrounding cluster 3 c 186 contains a new, deep image of Chandra (blue) shows emission of gas, around the point like quasar near the center of the cluster. Chandra x-ray spectra show that the temperature of the gas of 80 million degrees on the outskirts of cluster is up to 30 million into the core.This fall in temperature occurs because intense x-ray emission of gas it abkühlt.Optische data from the Gemini telescope in yellow stars and galaxies point in the field of view.

What makes this particular clusters and its interesting is its strong cooling core age 3 c is 186 approximately 8 billion light-years from Earth, so that it removed the galaxy cluster the most distant known to a prominent cooling core included. Because its remoteness is cluster seen when the universe in less than its current age is relatively young.

Previous observations have revealed less than about 6 billion light years in smaller distances from Earth, large numbers of clusters with strong cooling cores. Far less, but found at larger distances between 6 and 8 billion light years.Given his young age this “precocious” galaxy clusters around 3 C 186 seems surprisingly well made are.

Cooling veins destroy an explanation why less cooling are cores for longer distances, is that these younger cluster higher prices the merge with other clusters or galaxies would mergers erleben.Diese. In connection with the fact that it form takes a long time cooling cores, so rare in the earlier stages of the universe.

Because this cluster meaningful found only through a Chandra survey of a small sample of radio sources, it is possible that there are many more similar objects over long distances.They are detected it may revise, our understanding of how galaxy clusters developed during this period of history of the universe.

This galaxy cluster is also the most distant ever seen contain a quasar.Only other galaxy clusters with a bright quasar has a detailed study about his x-ray emitting gas and it is located much closer to earth than 3 c 186.Im principle can provide cooling gas close to 3 c 186 enough fuel, the growth of the supermassive black hole that support power source for the quasar.

This object provides an interesting way to study the effects of a quasar within a galaxy cluster environment.The energy generated from the black hole can result in the cluster not only via mechanical power in a Jet, but also by radiation from the released policy.This could bright quasar in a mighty wind, which heated the surrounding gas and prevent, that more cooling.

The cluster is probably its a predecessor of the famous nearby clusters as Perseus and where jets are driven MS 0735.6 + 7421, the central black hole boring from more distant cavities in the cluster Gas.Es and younger than these other two clusters and the radio source 3 c 186 is associated with 0735.6 + 7421 smaller and younger than in Perseus and MS.

The paper outlines these results will be published in the October 10th issue of the Astrophysical Journal.Die is list of authors Aneta Siemiginowska, Douglas Burke and Thomas Aldcroft of from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Diana Worrall from the University of Bristol, UK, Steve Allen from Kavli Institute for particle astrophysics and Cosmology at Stanford University, Jill Bechtold from the University of Arizona, and Tracy Clarke and Teddy Cheung of Naval Research Laboratory.

NASA’s MSFC in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington.Dem Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls Chandra’s science and flight operations from Cambridge, mass..

Story source:

The above story is made from materials published by NASA (with editorial adjustments by ScienceDaily staff).

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Science Info Chandra, clusters, identified, Precocious

Brew Girl

One must learn how to brew beer for a bar without having to pay it. Because the taste of beer must be great, the process is easy, but it must be done properly. People brewed beer as a hobby. It will be fun, and also reward you for your efforts. You can save a lot of money. You must seize the right materials, and equipment instructions. Many of the details involved in the brewing process. In case you do not want to leave a bad beer, you must follow the instructions properly.

On how the basic brewing beer as follows. Contains malted barley starch or other grains are soaked in hot water to release maltose. Hop and malt flavor in order to provide answers to the mixed solution. Cooling this solution and then added to it in order to start the yeast fermentation process. Carbon dioxide and to yeast fermentation of sugar and ethanol. Once the fermentation process of sugar added to complete the process to cause carbonation. Then the bottle of beer packaging.

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The Internet domain, hosting, webhosting

Laptop Student

From a survey conducted by Reevoo, customer review sites, it was revealed that students of university spend 7.5 hours per week on social networking sites.

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“Our survey shows that students nowadays want that laptop they got become more than just of work equipment,” said Richard Anson, Reevoo Chief Executive Officer, as quoted by PC Advisor, Monday, August 30, 2010. Read more…

Internet Technology, Techno Info computer guide, information technology career, student

Running Shoes

You can find anything through the internet. It makes our live become easier in many ways as specially to shop online. In matter of shoes shopping, most of people agree online shoe shops would never take off, but there are many popular footwear stores you can find online.

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Nice Cheap Rugs

If you want to buy Cheap Rugs and want to decorate your house, let me to introduce you to the Superior rugs, one of the leading rug manufacturers and suppliers of carpets, which can give you various kinds of best quality area rugs.

They have many years experience in the field and finally have its own line of products. So you will get high quality and low price products of carpets. Before you choose a carpet, you should first think of the appropriate color, which is close to the existing floor and bedroom furniture at your place. And then, you should think about the shapes and sizes.

With the help of online search internet, you can easily find a specific one’s own needs. You can search starting with shape (rectangular area rugs, round area rugs, rugs runner area), search by size (13 × 16, 10 × 16, 10 × 13, 8 × 11, 6 × 8, 4 × 6), search by color (black, blue / dark blue, brown / chocolate, cream / ivory, green / sage, gold / camel, red / burgundy), or search by recommended (hand tied rugs, traditional 100% wool carpets, 100% silk, 100% contemporary wool rugs, affordable rugs, high quality synthetic), etc. It’s really easy and simple to find out. Read more…

The Internet

In all over the world, sport has huge amount of fans. Every time you watching television, or maybe listen to the radio, there are always channel about broadcast sport games, such as football, basketball, tennis, and many other. Most of people have their own favorite sport teams and people can be so fanatic with them, and even they will follow them wherever they go to do competition. The loyalty of these fanatic people of the sport leads them to the sports betting. Bet on sports involves a lot of money in every single game. Normally they do it virtually with their friends, however if you are one of sports betting online gambler, you must do different way of betting.

At this era, most of people like to do online sports betting. The new modern way of betting will make you find a lot of fun, way? Because you will play and beat the competition with people that you hardly know. So to have this fun, you have to find website that gives you the facilitation of betting. If you are interested in doing betting online, you can visit sportbettingspot.com. On this site, you will get facilitation and opportunity to service you with the pleasure of betting. You can do many kind of betting types, such as basketball betting, football betting, tennis betting and many more. One you join this site, you will meet that it is so much fun.

The Internet betting, online, sport